For switching power supply designers, three main types of transients must be considered at the beginning of the design process to ensure reliable operation:
1. **Inductive transient voltage** caused by sudden changes in load.
2. **Transient voltage introduced from the power line**, such as surges due to lightning strikes or grid fluctuations.
3. **Internal transient voltage** generated within the power supply during switching operations.
These transients can potentially damage critical components if not properly managed. Therefore, several key components in the power supply require protection:
- **High-voltage switching transistors (e.g., VMOS tubes)** that handle large currents and voltages.
- **High-voltage rectifiers**, which are often subjected to high reverse voltages.
- **Output rectifiers**, responsible for converting AC to DC and handling high current levels.
- **Internal control circuits**, such as pulse width modulators (PWMs), which are sensitive to voltage spikes.
A typical example of TVS (Transient Voltage Suppression) application in a switching power supply involves the use of multiple TVS diodes. In one example, eight TVS devices are used, each tailored to protect specific parts of the circuit. These diodes differ in key parameters such as **breakdown voltage**, **maximum pulse peak power**, **peak current**, and **clamping voltage**, ensuring optimal protection for each component.
In the case of an HP power supply, it is possible to observe the exact number and condition of all TVS diodes installed, highlighting their importance in maintaining system stability.
TVS technology is widely adopted in many countries, especially in high-reliability applications. The extensive use of these devices demonstrates their critical role in enhancing the overall reliability and durability of power supplies. By incorporating TVS diodes, designers can significantly reduce the risk of failure due to voltage transients, making them an essential part of modern power electronics design.
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