The rapid growth of ultra-high-definition video, 5G, the Internet of Things, and cloud services is driving an explosive increase in network traffic and connectivity. These advancements are placing higher demands on existing operator networks, pushing them to evolve and adapt to new service models. As one of the world’s leading telecommunications operators, China Telecom has taken a proactive approach by transforming its transport network into a smart all-optical network. This modernized infrastructure is designed to support the next decade of business growth, offering ultra-wide, agile, and intelligent connectivity. Let’s explore this transformation with Network Communication Xiaobian.
With the rise of 5G, IoT, cloud computing, and AI, the demand for network bandwidth is growing at over 50% annually. Traditional transmission networks are struggling to keep up with this surge. They face challenges in capacity, architecture, and efficiency. For example, 5G requires ten times more wireless bandwidth, GPON and 10GPON technologies push home broadband to 1000 Mbps, and NB-IoT could lead to over a billion connected devices. Yet, current networks are burdened by high costs, power consumption, and operational complexity.
Moreover, the traditional centralized network architecture is not well-suited for modern data center needs. Most data centers are now distributed, located in suburban or remote areas, and require east-west traffic patterns rather than the old north-south model. This mismatch creates inefficiencies and limits the ability to support emerging applications like cloud services and big data analytics.
Additionally, manual operations still play a significant role in network maintenance, leading to low efficiency. In contrast, advanced internet companies can manage large-scale data centers with minimal staff, highlighting the need for automation and smarter operations.
To meet these challenges, China Telecom is transforming its network into a smart all-optical network. Over the past decade, the industry has evolved from voice-centric to internet-based, with the transport network transitioning from copper to fiber. Now, with the rise of high-definition video and AI, the focus is shifting toward intelligent optical networks that can handle massive bandwidth and provide agile, personalized services.
An intelligent all-optical network introduces ROADM (Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexer) and optical cross-connects, along with an intelligent control engine. This allows end-to-end optical transmission, access, and switching, enabling automatic fault detection, recovery, and customized service provisioning through network slicing.
In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China Telecom has deployed a ROADM network that supports regional expansion, connecting multiple provinces and reducing inter-provincial service deployment time to minutes. The network uses 20-dimensional WSS technology for fast wavelength scheduling and offers robust protection capabilities, making it one of the most advanced in the world.
According to Wei Leping, Deputy Director of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology's Science and Technology Committee, this project marks a major shift from electrical nodes to all-optical nodes, signaling the start of the “smart all-optical network 2.0†era. It represents a key step in China Telecom’s CTNet2025 initiative, aiming for a simpler, more agile, open, and efficient network.
Looking ahead, China Telecom plans to expand its intelligent all-optical network globally. Future goals include increasing bandwidth to 400G/1T per wavelength, enhancing core node switching capabilities, and integrating AI-driven control systems for smarter network management. Additionally, the company aims to lead the optical module and OXC (Optical Cross Connect) industry, promoting collaboration across the supply chain.
Over the next decade, China Telecom will continue to drive network intelligence, business innovation, and operational efficiency, building a global, interconnected, intelligent all-optical network that connects people faster and more reliably than ever before.
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