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Royal Philips Electronics today introduced a new PCI Express bridge that will enable next-generation PC-TV notebook designers to easily integrate any TV front end with the PCI Express interface.
Based on the diversity of application functions and flexible board design configuration, Philips' new SAA7160E chip supports 4 parallel digital streams, enabling PC-TV viewers to simultaneously view, record and preview TV image images, which were previously only available at the top level. The LCD TV was realized.
Philips' SAA7160E PCI Express-based audio/video bridge provides the ports needed for video capture, program/transport and audio streaming, including two I2S-bus inputs for up to 4 channels for high quality Audio features.
The SAA7162E integrates two audio/video decoders with PCI Express bridging, enabling PC-TV technology designers to choose a complete solution from Philips or a specific Philips reference design to build a third-party technology system to meet specific market needs. .
Repeater
Because of signal attenuation and delay, the Ethernet segment has a distance limit according to different media. For example, 10BASE5 coaxial cable has a maximum distance of 500 meters (1,640 feet). The maximum distance can be achieved by an Ethernet repeater, which can amplify the signal in the cable and transmit it to the next section. The repeater can connect to 5 network segments at most, but there can only be 4 devices (that is, a network segment can connect to 4 repeaters at most). This can alleviate the problems caused by cable breaks: when a section of coaxial cable is disconnected, all devices on this section cannot communicate, and the repeater can ensure that other network sections work normally.
Similar to other high-speed buses, the Ethernet network segment must be terminated with resistors at both ends. For coaxial cables, the terminals at both ends of the cable must be connected to 50 ohm resistors and heat sinks called "terminators". If this is not done, a situation similar to cable disconnection will occur: the AC signal on the bus arrives It will be reflected when it is terminal, but not dissipated. The reflected signal will be considered as a conflict, making communication impossible. The repeater can electrically isolate the two network segments connected to it, strengthen and synchronize the signal. Most repeaters have a function called "automatic isolation", which can isolate network segments that have too many conflicts or conflicts that last too long, so that other network segments will not be affected by the damaged part. The repeater can restore the connection of the network segment after detecting that the conflict disappears.
Hub
Although the Ethernet network with a hub is a star-shaped structure physically, it is still a bus-type logically. The half-duplex communication method uses the CSMA/CD conflict detection method. The hub plays a very important role in reducing data packet conflicts. small. Every data packet is sent to every port of the hub, so bandwidth and security issues have not been resolved. The total transmission volume of the hub is limited by the speed of a single connection (10 or 100 Mbit/s). This is still considering the minimum cost of preamble, transmission interval, header, file tail, and packaging. When the network is overloaded, conflicts often reduce the transmission volume. The worst case is that when many hosts composed of long cables transmit many very short frames, the load of the network may be full at only about 50% due to excessive collisions. In order to increase the network load as much as possible before the conflict seriously reduces the transmission volume, some settings are usually made to avoid similar situations.
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