With the rapid development of China's aviation industry, an increasing number of aircraft designed by Chinese engineers are now soaring in the skies. To effectively monitor and record the operational parameters of various aircraft systems during flights, a reliable flight parameter recording instrument is essential for real-time data acquisition. Given the diversity of equipment, interface types, and signal formats found on modern aircraft, it is crucial to design a compact and versatile flight parameter collector that can be used across both large and small aircraft models.
To address these challenges, the most effective approach is to utilize a highly integrated chip with multiple functional modules, such as the S698-T. This 32-bit RISC processor, based on the SPARC V8 architecture (IEEE-1754), also features a 64-bit dual-precision floating-point unit (FPU) compliant with IEEE-754 standards. Fabricated using a 130 nm CMOS process, the S698-T is housed in a BGA352 package and includes essential modules like a 1553B bus controller, ARINC429 bus controller, CAN bus controller, multi-function I/O, UART, hardware debugging support (DSM), DAC, ADC, and more. This integration ensures high performance, reliability, and compactness, making it ideal for flight parameter collection applications.
The flight parameter collector is designed to perform high-precision acquisition of input signals and output them in a structured format to the recorder. It supports Ethernet communication with a host computer for configuration, data calibration, and data retrieval. The device also includes an internal real-time clock, enabling time-stamped data collection. With 8 high-speed sampling channels, the system can function as a virtual oscilloscope in debug mode or collect standard signals in acquisition mode. The CAN bus allows for channel expansion, while built-in self-test capabilities enhance fault detection and system reliability. Additionally, the design incorporates EMI/EMC considerations to improve resistance against electromagnetic interference.
The collector follows a modular design, consisting of six key components: power module, main control module, switch signal acquisition module, analog signal acquisition module, AC signal acquisition module, and motherboard. Each module plays a critical role in ensuring seamless operation. The power module provides stable DC-DC conversion, while the main control module handles system coordination, bus interfaces, and onboard memory. The switch signal acquisition module manages 90-channel digital inputs, and the analog and AC signal modules handle various voltage ranges, frequencies, and current measurements.
In terms of FPGA implementation, four major functional blocks relate to the FPGA design. These include HDLC bus interface controllers, RS232 and RS422 bus controllers, GPIO interfaces, memory control, and heartbeat pulse generation. The FPGA communicates with the S698-T via a parallel bus and performs tasks such as signal acquisition, buffering, and data transmission. Each module has its own power-on workflow, starting with reading configuration data from EEPROM and setting up hardware parameters before initiating data acquisition.
Through rigorous testing and validation, the flight parameter collector based on the S698-T has proven to meet all practical requirements. It is now widely deployed in real-world applications, demonstrating its effectiveness and reliability in aviation data acquisition systems.
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