The ARM Cortex core family offers a wide range of scalable performance options, giving designers the opportunity to choose the right core for their application, rather than the same solution. The Cortex portfolio is broadly divided into three categories:
◠Cortex-A—application processor core for performance-intensive systems
â— Cortex-R - a high performance core for real-time applications
â— Cortex-M - microcontroller core for all types of embedded applications
The Cortex-A processor provides a range of solutions for devices that utilize operating systems such as Linux or Android, which are used in a variety of applications, from low-cost handheld devices to smartphones, tablets, set-top boxes, and enterprise network devices. Wait. The early Cortex-A series processors (A5, A7, A8, A9, A12, A15, and A17) were based on the ARMv7-A architecture. Each core shares the same feature set, such as the NEON media processing engine, Trustzone security extensions, single and double precision floating point support, and support for multiple instruction sets (ARM, Thumb-2, Thumb, Jazelle, and DSP). . At the same time, these processors are designed with the highest level of design flexibility to deliver the best performance and performance you need.
Although the Cortex-A5 core is the lowest-volume member of the Cortex A family, it has the potential to support multi-core performance and is compatible with the advanced members of the family (A9 and A15). For designers who previously used the ARM926EJ-S or ARM1176JZ-S processor, choosing A5 is natural because of its higher performance and lower chip cost.
The Cortex-A7 is similar in power and size to the Cortex-A5, but has a performance improvement of around 20% and full architectural compatibility with the Cortex-A15 and Cortex-A17. The Cortex-A7 is ideal for cost-sensitive smartphones and tablets, and it can be combined with the Cortex-A15 or Cortex-A17 to form what ARM calls "big.LITTLE". The big.LITTLE structure is essentially a power-optimization technique; a combination of high-performance CPUs (such as Cortex-A17) and high-efficiency CPUs (such as Cortex-A7) provides higher endurance performance, while because of a more efficient core It satisfies the application's low-to-medium performance requirements. This combination also saves overall power consumption, saves 75% of CPU power, and extends battery life. The performance demands of smartphones and tablets are much faster than battery capacity growth, so this configuration gives developers a distinct advantage. Design methods such as big.LITTLE, as part of an overall system design strategy, can significantly reduce the gap created by this battery technology.
Let's take a look at the high-end products in the Cortex-A family of processors - the Cortex-A15 and Cortex-A17 cores. Both cores are high-performance processors and can be used in a variety of configurations. The Cortex-A17 is the most efficient "intermediate" processor for high-end smartphones and tablets. The Cortex-A9 has been widely used in this market, but compared to the Cortex-A9, the Cortex-A17 has improved performance by more than 60% (cycle period) while improving overall efficiency. The Cortex-A17 can be configured with up to four cores, each containing a complete out-of-order pipeline. As mentioned earlier, the Cortex-A17 can be combined with the Cortex-A7 into an efficient big.LITTLE configuration, and can also be paired with a high-end mobile graphics processor (such as MALI from ARM) to form a very efficient design.
The Cortex-A15 is the highest performing member of the family of processors and is twice the performance of the Cortex-A9 (mobile configuration mode). Not only is it fully qualified for high-end smartphones or tablets, but the multi-core Cortex-A15 processor running at up to 2.5 GHz can also support applications such as low-power servers or wireless infrastructure. The Cortex-A15 is ARM's first processor to provide hardware support for data management and arbitration in virtual software environments. Applications in these software environments can simultaneously access system resources to enable reliable operation and isolation of devices in a virtual environment.
The newest member, the Cortex-A50 series, extends the range of applications for the Cortex-A family to low-power servers. These processors are based on the ARMv8 architecture and support AArch64, a high-performance 64-bit operating state that can coexist with the current 32-bit operating state. One of the reasons for upgrading to 64-bit is obviously to support more than 4GB of physical memory, although the Cortex-A15 and Cortex-A7 already have this capability. In this case, upgrading to 64-bit is actually better support for server applications. More and more operating systems and applications on the server use 64-bit. Of course, the Cortex-A50 series provides power consumption for the above situation. Optimized solution. For the desktop market, the situation is basically the same. Supporting 64-bit means that the Cortex-A50 series can be more widely applied to this market segment, and to some extent proves that the future 64-bit operating system will eventually migrate to mobile applications. .
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