China's new energy vehicle key technology "crack" new and old technical problems coexist
New energy vehicles with high-tech auras have recently appeared in high-profile auto shows. However, in the process of large-scale production, the technical bottlenecks of key components such as batteries and motors have become prominent, and new energy vehicles have encountered the embarrassment of “satisfactionâ€.
Multiple technical routes coexist
Since the fifteenth period, China's new energy vehicles have gradually formed a "three vertical and three horizontal" technical route pattern: "three vertical" for hybrid vehicles, pure electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles; "three horizontal" for multi-energy power Into the control system, the motor and its control system and battery and its management system. Domestic new energy vehicle technology research institutions such as Tsinghua University and Tongji University have different emphasis on hybrid power, pure electric power, hydrogen fuel, and alternative fuels, forming a variety of technical routes and coexisting development.
According to the trend of national industrial policy, Yan Jianlai, head of the parts department of China Automotive Engineering Society, speculated that the technical development of China's new energy vehicles is based on hybrid power as the starting point of new energy vehicles, pure electric vehicles as the medium-term goal, and fuel cells as the long-term goal. .
According to experts, hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles are considered by the academic community to be the most ideal new energy vehicles. However, due to the current high cost of hydrogen production technology and a series of safety-related problems of fuel cells, it is still to be solved. I hope that the "foreign" will sigh.
In contrast, hybrid vehicles with electric systems and engines not only meet short-term emissions needs, but also have fewer changes to infrastructure. As a transition from traditional fuel vehicles to electric vehicles, they are popular among some automakers. . The new energy vehicle products launched by FAW Toyota Prius, Shanghai GM Buick LaCrosse, BYD F 3D M, etc. are the products of this concept.
According to experts from the Automotive Research Institute of Tsinghua University, with the State Council promulgating the "Automotive Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan" in early 2009, the new energy vehicle policy strategy shifted to pure electric vehicles, and continued to maintain the "three vertical and three horizontal" pattern. The emphasis is on the latter two horizontals in the “three horizontalsâ€, namely the motor and its control system and the battery and its management system.
This policy change was quickly revealed in the products of the merchants: In the “three vertical and three horizontal†research and development pattern, Changan Automobile, which is mainly engaged in the direction of hybrid cars, launched the pure electric vehicle Benben MIN I at the end of 2009. SAIC, which has been focusing on hydrogen fuel vehicles, is busy laying out key components such as batteries and motors, and plans to launch pure electric vehicles in 2012.
It is reported that up to now, there are already 24 companies and 47 new energy vehicle products listed in China's production enterprises and products announcements, including electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, etc., new energy vehicle industry bases based on electric vehicles. It blooms all over the country. In the capital market, some companies such as batteries and motors in the electric vehicle industry chain have been sought after.
Key technology bottlenecks highlight
According to reports, although China's development of new energy vehicles is not too late compared to Japan, Europe and the United States, the new energy technologies of domestic auto companies are not advanced. The “cracking†of key technologies makes it difficult to turn the enthusiasm for the domestic industrialization of new energy vehicles into real productivity.
For the "Automobile Industry Adjustment and Revitalization Plan", the development goal of "forming 500,000 electric vehicle production capacity and new energy vehicles accounting for 5% of passenger vehicles" is quite optimistic.
Miao Wei, deputy director of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, pointed out at a forum recently that domestic electric vehicles are facing bottlenecks in key core technologies such as batteries, motors and electronic control systems. He speculates that sales of new energy vehicles will only account for a small percentage of total sales by 2020, about 10% to 15%.
Zhang Xiaoyu, vice president of the China Machinery Industry Federation, said in an interview with the media that Chinese auto companies have no corresponding technology to produce hybrid vehicles like Nissan Toyota Lexus. "At present, Honda's weak hybrid vehicle can save 38% energy, and China's products can only reach 20% energy saving. This proves that domestic new energy vehicles have yet to be tackled in electronic control and other technologies."
According to reports, in terms of pure electric vehicles, lead-acid batteries have a short service life, nickel-hydrogen battery resources are limited, and costs are high. In recent years, the exploration of lithium battery technology has gradually emerged.
Miao Wei said that there is still no enterprise in China that has a diaphragm that accounts for about 30% of the cost of new energy vehicle batteries, and it relies entirely on imports. "The technology and equipment for producing power battery separators are included in the list of Western restrictions on exports. Now we want to buy this equipment, technology, and technology, and no one has sold it to us."
New and old technical problems coexist
Ouyang Minggao, a professor at the Department of Automotive Engineering at Tsinghua University, pointed out that the power battery also involves three electric vehicles, namely hybrid, pure electric and fuel cells. Therefore, the transformation of the power system will strongly rely on the breakthrough of battery technology. However, battery technology is the biggest difficulty in the realization of industrialization of new energy vehicles in China at present, including the life, consistency and cost of nickel-metal hydride batteries and lithium batteries.
"The threshold for the entry of lithium battery technology is not high, but it is not easy to do it well." Any of the directors of the New Energy and Materials Chemistry Research Office of the New Energy Technology Research Institute of Tsinghua University said that there are many problems in the research of lithium battery technology in China. To be perfected, the first is the problem of internal resistance. At present, the best level in China is 10 times different from the best level in foreign countries. The other is the problem of battery consistency. Lithium batteries have a characteristic. Overcharge and overdischarge are not good. The problem of single-chip lithium batteries used in mobile phones is easy to control, but the lithium batteries used in automobiles are several complex series and parallel Together, if the consistency is not good, it is easy to cause overcharge and insufficient charge, which will affect the service life and cost of the entire battery. At present, this problem has not been completely solved at home and abroad.
In addition, the voltage of electric vehicle batteries is now about 100 volts to 600 volts. Once a car accident occurs, how to keep passengers from getting electric shock is one of the technical problems that need to be broken.
Some experts pointed out that due to the current tight production and sales of automobiles, major auto companies are paying more attention to the development of color varieties to meet market needs, but not enough in traditional energy consumption.
Many industry insiders pointed out that some key technical levels of traditional vehicles will still largely determine the development level of hybrid vehicles. Although the hybrid electric vehicle has increased the electric motor as a power source, the conventional internal combustion engine still needs to play an important role. Therefore, in addition to the continuous exploration of new technologies such as motors and batteries, it is equally urgent to improve the key technologies inherent in conventional vehicles such as automatic transmissions.
“If traditional energy vehicles do not work well, it is unrealistic to expect to achieve a one-step leap in new energy vehicles.†Miao Wei said that while we attach importance to the development of new energy vehicles, we must not forget the traditional energy vehicles. Energy saving, this piece has a lot of space, mature technology, and ready-made products. In Japan, an ambitious technical plan was formulated in 2001, and the fuel consumption was reduced by 10% in 10 years. I dare not say that our average fuel consumption has reached Japan's 2005 standards, but I dare not say that our standards only meet the Japanese 1985 standards, but if they keep up with their footsteps, there is still more than 20% of the gap.
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