Modern intelligent or multi-purpose buildings have implemented systems such as building automation (BA), office automation (OA), and security automation (SA), including intelligent systems that provide assurance in emergency situations, including fire control systems and emergency lighting. Based on smart applications, an intelligent emergency lighting system in modern homes can be proposed.
Emergency lighting in modern homes includes fire accident lighting and light evacuation indicators, which provide illumination and evacuation guidance in the event of a fire, enabling people to safely evacuate hazardous areas or buildings and replace them in the event of a fire.
Temporary illumination of the work is provided to provide illumination assurance to ensure that work in important locations can continue. The setting of emergency lighting is clearly defined in the Code for Fire Protection of Building Design and the Code for Fire Protection Design of High-rise Civil Buildings. The constraints of fire codes are mandatory, and the engineering design of all modern houses must meet the requirements of the Code. What we want to discuss is that with the development of science and technology, the emergence of new products and the rapid development of intelligent solutions, some traditional design solutions should be constantly updated to adapt to the development of new products and technologies. Based on these, the author only From the following aspects, the intelligent emergency lighting scheme for modern residential buildings is proposed for discussion.
1. Reasonable selection of common light sources
Residential emergency lighting requires a good light environment - suitable for luminosity and color rendering; reasonable brightness distribution; comfortable view. At the same time, consideration should be given to the rational use of funds and energy conservation, taking into account factors such as economy, aesthetics, safety, firmness, convenience and ease of maintenance.
(1) Emergency lighting Generally, incandescent lamps are not selected because of their short life and low light efficiency. It is recommended to use only in places with short ignition time and frequent switching. For example, a fire-fighting equipment room that is not often used, or a place where other light sources cannot meet the requirements;
(2) Fluorescent lamp as a light source with high color rendering index, long life, energy saving and high efficiency, it is recommended to be the preferred light source on the basis of not affecting the normal operation of nearby electronic equipment, meeting environmental requirements and decoration style;
(3) Although the new high-efficiency energy-saving lamps have long life, high efficiency and energy saving, and high color rendering index, their prices are relatively expensive, and it is recommended to use them only in places with long-term continuous lighting;
(4) When a light source cannot meet the light color requirement, a variety of light mixing methods can be employed. In addition, residential electrical lighting should be based on the different requirements of the identification of color, a reasonable choice of color rendering of the light source.
2. Select the power supply plan
Intelligent emergency lighting solutions can be classified according to different conditions and needs when selecting a power supply solution. Generally, emergency lighting will take into account redundancy when conditions permit, and the power supply time should be based on fire code requirements and load conditions, and the battery pack can be selected to meet the power supply time requirements.
(1) For a single-supply emergency lighting system, the power supply system of Figure 1 can be used;
(2) For the emergency lighting system that requires dual power supply, the power supply system of Figure 2 can be used.
3. Select the control method of emergency lighting
Fire protection regulations require that fire-fighting equipment, including emergency lighting equipment, should use a separate power supply circuit; first- and second-level fire-fighting equipment should be powered by dual power supplies. However, due to the industry management of the power supply sector, it is almost impossible for most buildings to obtain two reliable independent power sources from the municipality. Therefore, some large and medium-sized buildings and important buildings have many fire-fighting equipments and heavy loads, usually The generator set needs to be set up as a self-contained emergency power supply.
Since the generator has a lag time from start-up to power-on, the battery can be used as an auxiliary backup power source if necessary. Among the fire-fighting loads, only small and medium-sized buildings with emergency lighting usually use battery packs as emergency power sources. In the past, most of them used a set of chargers, inverters and battery packs in each set of lamps. Less, but the emergency power supply is scattered, the maintenance workload and the difficulty are very large. If the maintenance is improper or not timely, the battery life will be greatly shortened, resulting in increased maintenance costs, and the reliability of the system work is also difficult to guarantee.
Recently, some manufacturers have developed a new type of static AC uninterrupted emergency power supply with centralized power supply. It is a power supply unit consisting of a centralized charger, inverter and battery pack and control unit as a backup emergency power supply for the power supply system. The emergency power supply can achieve monitorability. It can send signals to the computer for monitoring through its own RS-232 interface. The emergency power supply is controlled and cut according to the working state of the normal power supply, and the battery is controlled according to the battery condition. Charge and discharge, when a fault occurs in itself, it can issue a warning signal. Although this kind of power supply method has a higher one-time investment, it greatly reduces the maintenance cost and workload, and also ensures the reliability of the system work.