A typical machine vision system is composed of five main components: lighting, lens, high-speed camera, image capture card, and vision processor. While the frame grabber is just one part of the overall system, it plays a crucial role in ensuring smooth data transfer and processing. The following image shows the German Silicon Software AD4 capture card:
The image capture card, also known as a video capture card, is responsible for capturing digital video information, storing it, and playing it back. Many of these cards can simultaneously capture audio along with video, ensuring that both are synchronized during the digitization process.
Capture cards can be divided into two main types based on the interface they use: analog and digital. Analog capture cards receive video signals from sources such as analog cameras, TV signals, or VCRs through AV or S-video ports, and then convert them into digital format. This conversion process can introduce some signal degradation over time.
On the other hand, digital capture cards directly transfer digital video signals to the computer without converting them from analog. These cards typically connect to devices like DV cameras or other digital video equipment, preserving the original quality of the footage.
One key difference between analog and digital capture cards is that digital capture ensures no loss of quality during the acquisition process. This means the captured video remains identical to the original source. In contrast, analog capture may result in a noticeable drop in clarity, especially after multiple copies or transfers.
To put it simply, think of analog capture as copying a video tape—each copy becomes less clear than the original. Digital capture is more like copying a file on a computer: no matter how many times you copy it, the quality stays the same. Some capture cards are designed to support both analog and digital inputs, offering greater flexibility for different applications.
If the high-speed camera and industrial computer are considered the eyes and brain of a machine vision system, then the image capture card is its heart. It must accurately receive video data from various front-end cameras, respond to external trigger pulses, and initiate the camera’s exposure and scanning processes. Its role is essential in maintaining the performance and reliability of the entire system.
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