Semiconductor gas sensors are widely used for detecting the presence or measuring the concentration of specific gases in the environment. These sensors operate by utilizing semiconductor materials that undergo changes in electrical properties when exposed to certain gases. This change allows the sensor to convert gas composition and concentration into measurable electrical signals.
The most common types of semiconductor gas sensors are resistive and non-resistive. Resistive sensors typically use materials like tin oxide (SnOâ‚‚), manganese oxide (MnOâ‚‚), and other metal oxides as sensitive elements. When these materials come into contact with flammable gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, alkanes, or benzene, a reduction reaction occurs. This reaction generates heat, which increases the temperature of the sensing element and causes a change in its resistance.
As the gas concentration increases, the resistance of the semiconductor material usually rises significantly. Within a certain range, this relationship is approximately linear, making it easier to monitor and trigger alarms based on the detected levels. However, the sensitivity varies depending on the type of gas—some gases like acetic acid or ethylene glycol show high sensitivity, while others like methane exhibit lower responsiveness.
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