The difference between external interrupt edge trigger and level trigger

A common point of confusion is the difference between edge-triggered and level-triggered interrupts.

In an edge-triggered configuration, the interrupt is activated only when a signal transitions from high to low (falling edge). This means that the interrupt is generated just once during the transition, making it ideal for external interrupt requests that come in the form of negative pulses. Edge triggering ensures that the system responds to a single event rather than a continuous signal, which helps prevent multiple triggers from a single input.

On the other hand, a level-triggered interrupt remains active as long as the input signal is at a low level. This means that if the interrupt service routine (ISR) is executed and exits before the signal returns to high, the interrupt will be triggered again immediately. However, if the system remains in the ISR for too long, it won't trigger again until the signal changes. Level triggering is typically used for inputs that maintain a low state for a certain period, and it's important that the ISR can clear the interrupt source—often by disabling the interrupt before exiting and re-enabling it later. This prevents repeated triggering and ensures the system behaves predictably.

Understanding these differences is crucial when designing systems that rely on external interrupts, as each method has its own advantages and use cases. Edge triggering is great for short, one-time events, while level triggering is more suited for sustained signals where the interrupt source needs to be explicitly cleared. Choosing the right type depends on the specific requirements of the application and how the external device interacts with the system.

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